Opinions of the term vary amongst those it describes. However New Zealand English speakers are increasingly removing the terminal s and treating Pākehā as a collective noun. When the word was first adopted, the usual plural in English was Pakehas. In the Māori language, plural nouns of Pākehā may include Ngā Pākehā (definite article) and He Pākehā (indefinite article). Its etymology is unclear, but it was in use by the late 18th century. Papa'a has a similar meaning in Cook Islands Māori. The word Pākehā is also sometimes used to refer to any person of predominantly European ancestry, including those that are not New Zealanders. Although both "Māori" and "Pākehā" terms are based on predominant ancestry, from 1916 a race or cultural self-identification tool has been used by the New Zealand government in statistical definitions, which has caused some confusion. They are mostly descended from British and to a lesser extent Irish settlers of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, although some Pākehā have Dutch, Scandinavian, German, Yugoslav or other ancestry. Pākehā is a Māori language term for New Zealanders who are "of European descent". Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification.
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